+) or/ or else/ otherwise is another way of say if not You have to complete the project on schedule, or/ or else/ otherwise you will be fired.
Main clause Type 1 the electricity will be cut off. ) +) Mixed conditionals If - clause Type 2 If nobody paid the bill, Type 2 If he had money, Type 3 If he had won the lottery, Example: Should Peter come, tell him to wait. When if is omitted, should (type 1), were (type 2), had (type 3) and the subject are inverted. (We don not think that Tom is very likely to call.) +) We can use were instead of was for all persons in the if –clause of Type 2 conditionals. (uncertainty) If Tom should call, tell him I’ll be late. – insistence) I don’t know if he will pass his exams. – polite request) If you will not stop shouting, you’ll have to leave. If you will fill in this form, I’ll process your application. Example: If the weather is fine tomorrow, we will go camping. We can use should after if to talk about something which is possible, but not very likely to happen. However, we can use will or would after if to make a polite request or express insistence or uncertainty (usually with expressions such as I don’t know, I doubt, I wonder, etc.). +) We do not normally use will, would or should in an if-clause. Example: If I see Tim, I’ll give him his book. When the main clause comes before the if-clause, then no comma is necessary. When the if-clause comesbefore the main clause, the two clauses are seperated with a comma. Note: +) Conditional clauses consist of two parts: the if-clause (hypothesis) and the main clause (result). (giving advice) imaginary If + past perfect would/should/could + situation (had +PII) have + PII contrary to facts in the past also used to express regrets or criticism If she had studied harder, she would have passed the test. (but I don’t have time – untrue in the present) If I were you, I would talk to my parents about it. imaginary If + past simple would/could/should + situation (were) bare infinitive contrary to facts in the present also used to give advice If I had time, I would take up a sport. If you’re ever in the area, you should come and visit us. If you have finished your work, we can have a break. future/ imperative If + present can/may/might/must/sh real – likely simple, present ould/ to happen in perfect or can could/have to + bare the present infinitive or future If he doesn’t pay the fine, he will go to prison. If-clause Main clause (result) Use (hypothesis) If + present simple Present simple If the temperature falls below 0 C, water turns into ice.
Unit 1 Conditionals Point 1 form and overview Type 0 General truth Conditionals nouns, adjectives, adverbs, articles and comparativesĭeterminers and pronouns passive and active voices tenses -ing and the infinitive subject-verb agreement and subjunctive mood prepositions and sentence structure relative clauses modalsĬonfusing words and differences between English and American
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